Stay Cool: Beat the Heat Wave Without AC

Climate change is intensifying heatwaves, and this issue shows no signs of abatement. As our world becomes progressively warmer primarily because of the combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, areas that are already hot will continue to experience more extreme temperatures.

High temperatures not only lead to cancelled events but also pose significant health risks, particularly for children, elderly individuals, and those with specific medical conditions.

Here are some suggestions to ensure your safety.

At what point does heat turn hazardous?

It relies on factors beyond just temperature. The most comprehensive measure is known as the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). This takes into account not only temperature but also humidity, cloud cover, and wind speed. On the simpler side yet still commonly available through weather applications is the Heat Index, which gauges both temperature and moisture levels. These metrics highlight how playing soccer under shade at 90 degrees Fahrenheit (or about 32 degrees Celsius) in dry Phoenix could pose fewer risks compared to being out in open spaces with temperatures around 80 degrees Fahrenheit (approximately 27 degrees Celsius) in humid Little Rock.

According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), their chart assesses the danger of extended exposure based on the heat index. As an illustration, a day with temperatures reaching 96°F (36°C) and experiencing 45% humidity would be classified as entering the "danger" zone for long-duration exposure or intense physical activities.

The WBGT limit isn't precise, however, recent studies indicate that even certain young, fit individuals cannot withstand prolonged exposure to intense heat and moisture.

How to cool down

Ashley Ward, who leads the Heat Policy Innovation Hub at Duke University, noted that extremely low overnight temperatures during a heatwave can pose significant risks.

"She mentioned that your body requires some relief," he stated. "It doesn’t happen instantly; each new day begins with a shortfall." High temperatures can decrease work efficiency and result in additional trips to the emergency department.

As soon as our nighttime temperatures remain above 75°F (24°C)," she explained, "we begin observing extremely serious consequences related to heat-related illnesses, strokes, and even death.

Ward's response: Look for air conditioning. It could be available at her place, however, she mentioned that census information indicates an excess in the number of individuals who reportedly have access to it.

If cooling the entire house isn’t feasible, Ward suggested making a "cool zone" where you can sleep, allowing your body to be better equipped for facing the following day.

Evaporative or "swamp" coolers are effective in arid climates, but they boost moisture levels which can hinder cooling efforts. For damp areas, opt for using a fan instead.

In case you lack air conditioning, seek out public spaces equipped with AC such as movie theaters, shopping malls, and libraries. Certain areas establish cooling centers specifically for this purpose.

Based on your location, the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program might assist you in purchasing a window air conditioner, as stated by the National Council on Aging. Additionally, some local nonprofit groups and community organizations could aid you in obtaining one if the cost poses a financial strain.

Understand your entitlements when working remotely.

Understanding your workplace safeguards is crucial. However, there are currently no federal regulations addressing heat protection for employees in the United States.

Several states possess such regulations, namely Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Colorado, Minnesota, and Maryland, as reported by the National Resources Defense Council. However, some states do not have these at all.

If your state has established work rules, make an effort to understand them—although significant hurdles remain when it comes to guaranteeing these regulations are properly enforced, noted Bharat Venkat, who leads the University of California, Los Angeles Heat Lab.

He points out that occasionally, shaded resting spots may be located at distances that cause employees to lose pay when taking breaks. Additionally, management might prevent workers from speaking up for themselves. "A majority of workers lack authority over both their working hours and locations," he stated.

Given these limitations, prioritizing methods to maintain hydration and reduce body heat is crucial. This can be achieved by consuming ample liquids, dampening clothes, or applying cold water or a chilled cloth to areas like the hands, feet, armpits, and neck. Additionally, using a compact hand-held fan or wearing a cooling vest may provide relief.

When working out, steer clear of the peak heat hours and carry extra water beyond what you believe will suffice.

Knowing heat illness symptoms

The signs of heat-related illnesses can differ from one individual to another, as stated by Venkat. Additionally, medications or pre-existing health conditions might complicate the regulation of body temperature or hinder your ability to recognize when you're becoming overheated.

Initial warning indicators consist of excessive perspiration, muscular spasms, and headaches. At this point, you should cease your activities and lower your body temperature—such as by dousing yourself with chilly water or seeking out an air-conditioned area.

When heat exhaustion progresses, additional signs such as an increased heartbeat and lightheadedness appear. Following this, heatstroke may occur, potentially leading to disorientation, stumbling speech, and loss of consciousness. Ward stated that at this point, one should dial emergency services.

He advised not to feel ashamed about dialing 911 or visiting an urgent care facility if you believe you've pushed yourself too far in the heat.

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